Default port numbers

Port Number	Description
1	TCP Port Service Multiplexer (TCPMUX)
5	Remote Job Entry (RJE)
7	ECHO
18	Message Send Protocol (MSP)
20	FTP -- Data
21	FTP -- Control
22	SSH Remote Login Protocol
23	Telnet
25	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
29	MSG ICP
37	Time
42	Host Name Server (Nameserv)
43	WhoIs
49	Login Host Protocol (Login)
53	Domain Name System (DNS)
69	Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
70	Gopher Services
79	Finger
80	HTTP
103	X.400 Standard
108	SNA Gateway Access Server
109	POP2
110	POP3
115	Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
118	SQL Services
119	Newsgroup (NNTP)
137	NetBIOS Name Service
139	NetBIOS Datagram Service
143	Interim Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
150	NetBIOS Session Service
156	SQL Server
161	SNMP
179	Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
190	Gateway Access Control Protocol (GACP)
194	Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
197	Directory Location Service (DLS)
389	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
396	Novell Netware over IP
443	HTTPS
444	Simple Network Paging Protocol (SNPP)
445	Microsoft-DS
458	Apple QuickTime
546	DHCP Client
547	DHCP Server
563	SNEWS
569	MSN
1080	Socks

How to enforce password complexity on Linux

On most Linux systems, you can use PAM (the "pluggable authentication module") to enforce password complexity. If you have a file named /etc/pam.d/system-auth on RedHat (/etc/pam.d/common-password on Debian systems), look for lines that look like those shown below.

$ grep password /etc/pam.d/system-auth
password    requisite     pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3
password    sufficient    pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password    required      pam_deny.so

That's what you should expect to see on a new system.

By default, passwords must have at least six characters (see /etc/login.defs for possible changes). This is hardly long enough by current standards to consider passwords to be secure. You will have a much stronger password complexity policy if you change the first line to something like this, requiring longer passwords and ensuring a degree of complexity as well.

password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 minlength=12 lcredit=1
ucredit=1 dcredit=1 ocredit=1 difok=4

Here's what each of the available parameters does:

try_first_pass = sets the number of times users can attempt setting a good
  password before the passwd command aborts
minlen = establishes a measure of complexity related to the password length
  (more in a moment on this)
lcredit = sets the minimum number of required lowercase letters
ucredit = sets the minimum number of required uppercase letters
dcredit = sets the minimum number of required digits
ocredit = sets the minimum number of required other characters
difok = sets the number of characters that must be different from those in the
   previous password

That said, minlen is actually a measure of complexity, not simply length. It specifies a complexity score that must be reached for a password to be deemed as acceptable. If each character in a password added one to the complexity count, then minlen would simply represent the password length but, if some characters count more than once, the calculation is more complex. So let's see how this works.

The minlen complexity measure is calculated in a number of steps:

• every character in a password yields one point, regardless of the type of character
• every lowercase letter adds one point, but only up to the value of lcredit
• every uppercase letter adds one point, but only up to the value of ucredit
• every digit adds one point, but only up to the value of dcredit
• every special character adds one point, but only up to the value of ocredit

If lcredit, ucredit, dcredit and ocredit were all set to 0, only the password length would be used to determine if it's acceptable. No characters would add extra points to the complexity score.

When you set any of the lcredit, ucredit, dcredit or ocredit parameters to a negative number, then you MUST have at least that number of characters for each character class for the password to pass the complexity test.

Setting minlen to 12 and difok to 4 are generally good settings. However, if you want to require 12 character passwords and complexity too, you will need a larger minlen setting. With minlen set to 12 and one point given for including each of a lowercase, uppercase, digit and special character (the defaults), you could get by with passwords that have only eight characters -- even with minlen set to 12! A stronger policy would be required by this:

password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 minlength=16
lcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 dcredit=-1 ocredit=-1 difok=4

These settings would ensure that your passwords have 12 characters, including at least one characters in each of the four classes.

If you'd like to experiment with the password length and complexity settings, try the script below. It's a bit cumbersome, but it should capture all the requirements aside from the difok(differences) criteria. Change the settings in the first section to match those you want to evaluate.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# -- set your complexity preferences here --
$minlen=16;
$lcredit=-1;
$ucredit=-1;
$dcredit=-1;
$ocredit=-1;

# -- initialize the counters --
$score=0;
$lcase=0;
$ucase=0;
$digits=0;
$other=0;

# -- set fail to false --
$fail=0;

# -- check for argument --
if ( $#ARGV < 0 ) {
    print "argument expected\n";
    exit;
} else {
    $password=$ARGV[0];
}

# -- determine if any character settings are mandatory (if negative)
if ($lcredit < 0) {             # needed # of lowercase characters
    $lneeded=-1 * $lcredit;
    $lextra=$lneeded;
} else {
    $lneeded=0;
    $lextra=$lcredit;
}
if ($ucredit < 0) {             # needed # of uppercase characters
    $uneeded=-1 * $ucredit;
    $uextra=$uneeded;
} else {
    $uneeded=0;
    $uextra=$ucredit;
}
if ($dcredit < 0) {             # needed # of digits
    $dneeded=-1 * $dcredit;
    $dextra=$dneeded;
} else {
    $dneeded=0;
    $dextra=$dcredit;
}
if ($ocredit < 0) {             # needed # of special characters
    $oneeded=-1 * $ocredit;
    $oextra=$oneeded;
} else {
    $oneeded=0;
    $oextra=$ocredit;
}

$score=length($password);               # 1 point for each character

# -- count the characters of each type --
foreach $char (split //, $password) {

    if ($char =~ /\d/) {
        $digits++;                      # digits
    } elsif ($char !~ /\w/) {
        $other++;                       # special characters
    } elsif ($char eq lc($char)) {
        $lcase++;                       # lowercase
    } elsif ($char eq uc($char)) {
        $ucase++;                       # uppercase
    } else {
        print "Error: unrecognized character. Please fix this script!\n";
    }
}

if ($lcase < $lneeded) {
    print "password failure: need $lneeded lowercase character(s)\n";
    $fail=1;
}
if ($ucase < $uneeded) {
    print "password failure: need $uneeded uppercase character(s)\n";
    $fail=1;
}
if ($digits < $dneeded) {
    print "password failure: need $dneeded digit(s)\n";
    $fail=1;
}
if ($other < $oneeded) {
    print "password failure: need $oneeded special character(s)\n";
    $fail=1;
}
if ($fail > 0) {
    exit;
}

# -- reduce credits to number allowed --
if ($lcase > $lextra) {
    $lcase=$lextra;
}
if ($ucase > $uextra) {
    $ucase=$uextra;
}
if ($digits > $dextra) {
    $digits=$dextra;
}
if ($other > $oextra) {
    $other=$oextra;
}

print "$score + $lcase + $ucase + $digits + $other\n";
$score=$score + $lcase + $ucase + $digits + $other;

if ($score >= $minlen) {
    print "password passes with score of $score\n";
} else {
    print "password fails with score of $score\n";
}

Check out /etc/login.defs for password expiration parameters -- another component of good password security.

And please note that cracklib ensures that users can't just reverse their prior passwords or rotate letters to avoid making significant password changes. So, p4ssw0rd cannot be replaced with dr0wss4p or 4ssw0rdp.

Creating a app specifically for locating temples, churchs and mosques

The idea behid this is when you are going to a different town in which you don't what is nearby, so we enable this app to solve those kind of situations.
But I think google apps already have this feature but I want to create it different from that..!

Configuring Outlook Express via PowerShell

I don't think there is an option for configuring outlook via power shell , i have to check it out 

Create Filters in Outlook Express

Outlook Express allows you to set up very elaborate filters for handling mail which you can direct to certain folders by setting up Mail Rules.

Outlook Express uses the term Rules, but a Rule and a Filter are the same thing.

• Click on the Tools menu
• Select Message Rules
• Click Mail
• In the Mail Rules window click New

In the New Mail Rule window you will need to follow steps 1 through 4.

• Under the first section, 1. Select the conditions for your rule
• Select which conditions you want to use as the basis of this filter. Choose Where the Subject line contains specific words to block all messages with “[SPAM” in the Subject field, so that all messages tagged by the anti-spam system will be moved to a SPAMBOX folder that you will create later.
• In the second box, 2. Select the Action for your rule
• Check the box Move it to the specified folder
  In each section you can check one or more boxes, depending on what you are trying to accomplish
  As you are checking off your criteria, you will notice that blue keywords will pop up in box 3. Rule Description
• Click the blue keywords to enter your specific criteria for the rule
  You can enter multiple keywords in the same rule
• Enter each keyword or phrase and click Add
  For this rule, just enter SPAM, in all caps
• Click OK to return to the New Mail Rule window
• Under 2. Select the Actions for you Rule, put a check in the box Move it to the Specified folder
• Click the blue keywords in box #3 to change specified folder to SPAMBOX
  You will probably have to create a new folder, or you can use any of your existing folders
• Give your rule a Name
• Click OK

what happens when ur eyebrows tickles

i am not an astrologer or an scientist but my grand mother says that if your right eyebrow tickles means some good thing is going to happen but for an instance if your left eye brow tickles means that you are getting into an fight better you control your tough...,

may people don't believe in karma and all but as an tamilan i believe in my self and karma,

better check this out and comment

YUM COMPLETE CONFIGURATION WITH VIDEO

Yum is a yellow dog update manager it is a new package manager introduced by redhat with RHEL5 in year 2007 but now in RHEL6 they also have this facility to manage the packages. By using YUM we can manage the packages in many ways. YUM is always working in Server /Client environment. To configure YUM Server and Client perform the steps given below

STEP 1 # mount /dev/dvd /mnt

mounting RHEL6 DVD TO AN LOCAL FOLDER 

# cd /mnt/Packages

# rpm -ivh vsftpd

NOTE : Because YUM only can be configured either by using FTP or HTTP

# rpm -ivh createrepo

NOTE : There will be two dependencies just install them

#cd ..

# cp -rfv * /var/ftp/pub

This will start copy of dvd data into the /var/ftp/pub

# cd

# umount  /mnt

# cd /var/ftp/pub

# createrepo -v Packages

NOTE: This will create the private repository of our database

12 Reasons Why Every Linux System Administrator Should be Lazy

12 Reasons Why Every Linux System Administrator Should be Lazy

Tech News - 5 Clever Ways to Get a Job Using Social Media | Techgig

Tech News - 5 Clever Ways to Get a Job Using Social Media | Techgig

RUN COMMANDS IN WINDOWS

1. Accessibility Controls – access.cpl
2. Accessibility Wizard – accwiz
3. Add Hardware – Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
4. Add/Remove Programs – appwiz.cpl
5. Administrative Tools control – admintools
6. Adobe Acrobat (if installed) – acrobat
7. Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist
8. Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist
9. Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready
10. Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop
11. Automatic Updates – wuaucpl.cpl
12. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt
13. Calculator – calc
14. Certificate Manager – certmgr.msc
15. Character Map – charmap
16. Check Disk Utility – chkdsk
17. Clipboard Viewer – clipbrd
18. Command Prompt – cmd
19. Component Services – dcomcnfg
20. Computer Management – compmgmt.msc
21. Control Panel – control
22. Date and Time Properties – timedate.cpl
23. DDE Shares – ddeshare
24. Device Manager – devmgmt.msc
25. Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl
26. Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag
27. Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr
28. Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc
29. Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc
30. Disk Partition Manager- diskpart
31. Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color
32. Display Properties- control desktop
33. Display Properties- desk.cpl
34. Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32
35. Driver Verifier Utility- verifier
36. Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc
37. File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif
38. Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwiz
39. Findfast- findfast.cpl
40. Firefox (if installed)- firefox
41. Folders Properties- control folders
42. Fonts- control fonts
43. Fonts Folder- fonts
44. Free Cell Card Game- freecell
45. Game Controllers- joy.cpl
46. Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc
47. Hearts Card Game- mshearts
48. Help and Support- helpctr
49. HyperTerminal- hypertrm
50. Iexpress Wizard- iexpress
51. Indexing Service- ciadv.msc
52. Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1
53. Internet Explorer- iexplore
54. Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl
55. Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz
56. IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns
57. IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) – ipconfi/all
58. IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid
59. IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns
60. IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid
61. IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release
62. IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew
63. IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)-ipconfig/registerdns
64. Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws
65. Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl
66. Keyboard Properties – control keyboard
67. Local Security Settings – secpol.msc
68. Local Users and Groups – lusrmgr.msc
69. Logs You Out Of Windows – logoff…..
70. Malicious Software Removal Tool – mrt
71. Microsoft Access (if installed) – access.cpl
72. Microsoft Chat – winchat
73. Microsoft Excel (if installed) – excel
74. Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg
75. Microsoft Movie Maker – moviemk
76. Microsoft Paint – mspaint
77. Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
78. Microsoft Syncronization Tool – mobsync
79. Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
80. Minesweeper Game – winmine
81. Mouse Properties – control mouse
82. Mouse Properties – main.cpl
83. Nero (if installed)- nero
84. Netmeeting – conf
85. Network Connections – control netconnections
86. Network Connections – ncpa.cpl
87. Network Setup Wizard – netsetup.cpl
88. Notepad – notepad
89. Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl
90. Object Packager – packager
91. ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
92. On Screen Keyboard – osk
93. Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) – ac3filter.cpl
94. Outlook Express – msimn
95. Paint – pbrush
96. Password Properties – password.cpl
97. Performance Monitor – perfmon.msc
98. Phone and Modem Options – telephon.cpl
99. Phone Dialer – dialer
100. Pinball Game – pinball
101. Power Configuration – powercfg.cpl
102. Printers and Faxes – control printers
103. Printers Folder – printers
104. Private Character Editor – eudcedit
105. Quicktime (If Installed)- QuickTime.cpl
106. Real Player (if installed)- realplay
107. Regional Settings – intl.cpl
108. Registry Editor – regedit
109. Registry Editor – regedit32
110. Remote Access Phonebook – rasphone
111. Remote Desktop – mstsc
112. Removable Storage – ntmsmgr.msc
113. Removable Storage Operator Requests – ntmsoprq.msc
114. Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) – rsop.msc
115. Scanners and Cameras – sticpl.cpl
116. Scheduled Tasks – control schedtasks
117. Security Center – wscui.cpl
118. Services – services.msc
119. Shared Folders – fsmgmt.msc
120. Shuts Down Windows – shutdown
121. Sounds and Audio – mmsys.cpl
122. Spider Solitare Card Game – spider
123. SQL Client Configuration – cliconfg
124. System Configuration Editor – sysedit
125. System Configuration Utility – msconfig
126. System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
127. System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
128. System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
129. System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) – sfc /scanboot
130. System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
131. System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
132. System Information – msinfo32.
133. System Properties – sysdm.cpl
134. Task Manager – taskmgr
135. Task Manager – taskmgr
136. TCP Tester – tcptest
137. Telnet Client – telnet
138. Tweak UI (if installed) – tweakui
139. User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
140. Utility Manager – utilman
141. Windows Address Book – wab
142. Windows Address Book Import Utility – wabmig
143. Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
144. Windows Explorer – explorer
145. Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
146. Windows Magnifier- magnify
147. Windows Management Infrastructure – wmimgmt.msc
148. Windows Media Player – wmplayer
149. Windows Messenger – msmsgs
150. Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
151. Windows System Security Tool – syskey
152. Windows Update Launches – wupdmgr
153. Windows Version (to show which version of windows)- winver
154. Windows XP Tour Wizard – tourstart
155. Wordpad – write

100 Keyboard shortcuts .........TIPS For Windows

CTRL+C (Copy) 
CTRL+X (Cut) 
CTRL+V (Paste) 
CTRL+Z (Undo) 
DELETE (Delete) 
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin) 
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item) 
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item) 
F2 key (Rename the selected item) 
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word) 
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word) 
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph) 
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph) 
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text) 
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document) 
CTRL+A (Select all) 
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder) 
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item) 
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) 
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window) 
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) 
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items) 
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened) 
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) 
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer orWindows Explorer) 
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window) 
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu) 
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) 
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command) 
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program) 
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) 
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu) 
F5 key (Update the active window) 
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer) 
ESC (Cancel the current task) 
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing) 
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs) 
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs) 
TAB (Move forward through the options) 
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options) 
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option) 
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button) 
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box) 
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons) 
F1 key (Display Help) 
F4 key (Display the items in the active list) 
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box) 
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts 
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu) 
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box) 
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop) 
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows) 
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows) 
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer) 
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder) 
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers) 
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help) 
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard) 
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box) 
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager) 
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts 
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off) 
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off) 
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off) 
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off) 
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off) 
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager) 
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts 
END (Display the bottom of the active window) 
HOME (Display the top of the active window) 
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder) 
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder) 
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder) 
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder) 
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder) 
Shortcut Keys for Character Map 
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts: 
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line) 
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line) 
UP ARROW (Move up one row) 
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row) 
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time) 
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time) 
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line) 
END (Move to the end of the line) 
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character) 
CTRL+END (Move to the last character) 
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal modewhen a character is selected) 
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+O (Open a saved console) 
CTRL+N (Open a new console) 
CTRL+S (Save the open console) 
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item) 
CTRL+W (Open a new window) 
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) 
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu) 
ALT+F4 (Close the console) 
ALT+A (Display the Action menu) 
ALT+V (Display the View menu) 
ALT+F (Display the File menu) 
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu) 
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts 
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane) 
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window) 
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item) 
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item) 
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows) 
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window) 
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window) 
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item) 
F2 key (Rename the selected item) 
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console) 
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation 
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box) 
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right) 
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left) 
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order) 
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu) 
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen) 
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu) 
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) 
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) 
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation 
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box) 
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar) 
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility) 
CTRL+H (Open the History bar) 
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar) 
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box) 
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address) 
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L) 
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box) 
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page) 
CTRL+W (Close the current window)